What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine. It is characterized by recurring abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits without visible structural changes in the digestive system.
Common Symptoms
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Changes in bowel movements:
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Alternating between both - Bloating and gas
- Mucus in stool
- Food sensitivities
Triggers
• Certain foods and drinks
• Stress and anxiety
• Hormonal changes
• Gastrointestinal infections
• Changes in gut bacteria
Diagnostic Methods
• Medical history review
• Physical examination
• Symptom-based criteria (Rome criteria)
• Tests to rule out other conditions: - Blood tests
- Stool tests
- Colonoscopy when indicated
Treatment Approaches
Dietary modifications:
• Low FODMAP diet
• Food diary maintenance
• Identifying trigger foods
Medications:
• Antispasmodics
• Fiber supplements
• Anti-diarrheal medications
• Antidepressants in some cases
Lifestyle Management
- Regular exercise
- Stress reduction techniques:
• Meditation
• Yoga
• Deep breathing exercises - Adequate sleep
- Regular meal times
Long-term Management
• Regular follow-up with healthcare providers
• Maintaining symptom diary
• Support group participation
• Ongoing dietary management
• Mental health support when needed