What is Barrett’s Esophagus?
Barrett’s esophagus is a condition where the tissue lining the esophagus changes, with the normal squamous cells being replaced by intestinal-type cells. This transformation typically occurs as a result of long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Key Characteristics
- Abnormal cell changes in the lower esophagus
- Salmon-pink appearance of affected tissue
- Usually affects the lower portion of the esophagus
- Can develop into precancerous condition
Risk Factors
- Chronic GERD
- Age over 50
- Male gender
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Family history
Common Symptoms
- Frequent heartburn
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chest pain
- Regurgitation of food
- Upper abdominal pain
Diagnostic Methods
- Upper endoscopy
- Tissue biopsy
- pH monitoring
- Imaging studies
Treatment Approaches
- Medications:
- Proton pump inhibitors
- H2 blockers
- Antacids
- Endoscopic treatments:
- Radiofrequency ablation
- Endoscopic mucosal resection
- Cryotherapy
- Surgery in severe cases
Prevention and Management
- Regular monitoring through endoscopy
- Lifestyle modifications:
- Weight management
- Avoiding trigger foods
- Eating smaller meals
- Not lying down after eating
- Smoking cessation
- Maintaining a healthy weight
Blood in stools / vomitus