What is Constipation?
Constipation is a common digestive condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or both. It occurs when waste moves too slowly through the digestive tract, allowing too much water to be absorbed, resulting in hard, dry stools.
Common Symptoms
- Fewer than three bowel movements per week
- Hard, dry, or lumpy stools
- Straining during bowel movements
- Feeling of incomplete evacuation
- Abdominal bloating and discomfort
Causes of Constipation
Several factors can contribute to constipation:
- Insufficient fiber intake
- Dehydration
- Lack of physical activity
- Medications (such as opioids and certain antidepressants)
- Medical conditions (including hypothyroidism and diabetes)
- Changes in daily routine or travel
- Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement
Diagnosis
Healthcare providers typically diagnose constipation through:
- Medical history review
- Physical examination
- Discussion of symptoms and lifestyle factors
In some cases, additional tests such as:
- Blood tests
- Colonoscopy
- Transit time studies
Treatment for Constipation
Treatment approaches may include:
- Dietary modifications: Increasing fiber intake, drinking more water and adding probiotic-rich foods
- Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, establishing a regular bathroom routine and not delaying bowel movements
- Medications:
- Fiber supplements
- Stool softeners
- Osmotic laxatives
- Stimulant laxatives (for short-term use)